Evaluation of Fabric Swatch Types for Relative Odor Intensity at Beef Cattle Feedyards
نویسنده
چکیده
A research project was conducted to determine which type of fabric swatch was best suited for on-site sampling of odor intensity at open-lot beef cattle feeding operations. Five different types of fabric were tested: cotton flannel, cotton muslin, acetate, polyester and polyester felt. Square swatches (20 × 20 cm) were suspended 1 m above the ground surface downwind of cattle pens for 24 hours. The swatches were placed in glass jars and presented to 8-10 human panelists who were asked to rank the swatches based on relative odor intensity. Five trials were conducted at 3 feedyards. Sums of ranks and Spearman rank correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the degree of closeness of association between panelists. Muslin had the highest sum of ranks in 3 of 5 trials. When the wind had been blowing and dust was visible on the swatches, the polyester felt had the most detectable odor. The wide variation in Spearman rank correlation coefficients, with about half of the correlation coefficients negative, indicates little consistency between panelists in ranking of fabric swatches. Experiments are currently being conducted to determine sources of uncertainties associated with odor assessment using fabric swatches.
منابع مشابه
Daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual ammonia emissions from Southern High Plains cattle feedyards.
Ammonia emitted from beef cattle feedyards adds excess reactive N to the environment, contributes to degraded air quality as a precursor to secondary particulate matter, and represents a significant loss of N from beef cattle feedyards. We used open path laser spectroscopy and an inverse dispersion model to quantify daily, monthly, seasonal, and annual NH emissions during 2 yr from two commerci...
متن کاملSalmonella prevalence in bovine lymph nodes differs among feedyards.
Lymphatic tissue, specifically lymph nodes, is commonly incorporated into ground beef products as a component of lean trimmings. Salmonella and other pathogenic bacteria have been identified in bovine lymph nodes, which may impact compliance with the Salmonella performance standards for ground beef established by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Although Salmonella prevalence has been exami...
متن کاملProcess-based Modeling of Ammonia Emission from Beef Cattle Feedyards with the Integrated Farm Systems Model.
Ammonia (NH) volatilization from manure in beef cattle feedyards results in loss of agronomically important nitrogen (N) and potentially leads to overfertilization and acidification of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. In addition, NH is involved in the formation of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM), which can affect human health. Process-based models have been developed to estimate NH...
متن کاملLivestock Farming Systems and Cattle Production Orientation in Eastern High Plains of Algeria, Cattle Farming System in Algerian Semi-Arid Region
This study was an attempt to devise productive orientations of cattle herds in eastern high plains of Algeria. In this regard, 165 farms randomly identified were investigated. The selection of breeders was based to existence of cattle on the farm, and the farmer proposed to investigation must have at least two cows. The approach taken was to identify all systems adopted by farmers in a region t...
متن کاملStrategies for Managing Marbling in Beef Cattle
The objective of this paper is to review strategies that are known to enhance the level of marbling in beef. Research has demonstrated that marbling contributes significantly to beef’s eating quality—primarily to flavor and juiciness—but also to tenderness. Furthermore, a recent study showed that consumers are willing to pay 50% more for well-marbled USDA Prime grade steaks than for lesser-marb...
متن کامل